The Physiological Characteristics of Halophilic and Halotolerant Fungus, as well as Possible Uses for Them

Abstract

This Organisms that can survive in harsh environments are known as extremophiles. The halophilic and
halotolerant bacteria are two of the many varieties of extremophiles that need various environments
and growth conditions to flourish. According to reports, these bacteria thrive in high-salinity
environments such as the sea, sediments, lakes, mines, plants, and soil. To attain the most livable
conditions for their survival, they require a high concentration of salt and carbon. Osmotic and ionic
stress, which are controlled by the genetic expression of enzymes, proteins, cell wall components, and
transporters, are the mechanisms underlying these microorganisms' high salinity survival and
tolerance. Because of their resilience, halophiles and halotolerant fungi have demonstrated great
promise in a variety of fields, including genetics, bioremediation, nanoparticle creation, enzyme
production, antibacterial and anticancer activity, and more. The current study set out to investigate the
halophilic and halotolerant fungi, which have received the least attention in terms of their development
requirements, habitats, and mechanisms for tolerance and resistance to salt. As a result of the
emerging multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms, their biotechnological applications centered
on the biomedical business will come next.