Antibacterial exercises of two Medicinal herbs on Salmonella typhi segregates in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria: Improvement to natural drug

Abstract

The study on the antibacterial activities of some medicinal plants on Salmonella typhi isolates in
Abakaliki Ebonyi State was conducted using agar diffusion method. The study shows that there is high
level yield in the dried leaves than in the wet leaves of the experimental plants (W/D). The investigation
reveals that phenol yield is 296% W and 67% D in bitter leaf while oil yield in Utazi is 1.900 W and 1.034 D;
phenol is 276.00 W and 38.480 D. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins,
glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic compounds, oil, proteins, terpenoids, fructose, glucose and
essential oils. Antimicrobial test screening showed that the extract had a strong inhibitory effect against;
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia. The observation tends to confirm
the medicinal value of these plant leaves and justify the claim of its local use in health remedies for
diarrhea and kidney failure caused by E. coli, skin infection caused by S. aureus and pneumonia which is
caused by K. pneumonia. However, this had proved inhibitory on S. typhi which could be synergistic or
antagnostic in action and therefore suggest to be effective herbally when orally administered.