Impact of cocoa processing technologies in free fatty acids formation in stored raw cocoa beans

Abstract

The quality of raw cocoa beans depends widely on their free fatty acids (FFA) content. High FFA
content is a serious quality defect and reduces the technical and economic value of the cocoa beans.
The work investigates the influence of cocoa processing technologies on FFA formation during storage
of raw cocoa beans. Different samples of ferment dried cocoa beans purchased from Cote d’Ivoire were
stored and analysed for FFA content. Very low FFA contents were found in whole healthy cocoa beans
generally complied with UE standards (1.75% oleic acid equivalent) throughout storage while high FFA
content was found in poor quality and broken healthy beans. The formation of FFA did not depend on
the genotype or on cocoa post-harvest processing technologies. However, high and increasing FFA
contents were observed in defective cocoa beans and could be attributed probably to the activity of
microflora which in turn were associated with initial quality and loss of physical integrity of the cocoa
beans.