Using the Allium cepa Assay, the Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Amaranthus Spinosus Linn. have the Potential to be both Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic

Abstract

Examining the potential genotoxic effects of A. spinosus leaf extracts on Allium cepa root meristematic cells as well as their antigenotoxic effects against H2O2-induced genetic damage in A. cepa was the goal of the current investigation. Following genotoxicity assay, there was a significant (P b 0.001) decrease in clastogenicity (A4, 3 h, 98.14 ± 0.70) and a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) (A4, 3 h, 23.37 ± 1.41). Chromosome bridges, cytomixis, and an odd nucleus are among the clastogenic anomalies observed. Two H2O2 doses (7% and 3%), in antigenotoxicity experiments, caused early toxicity. The results showed a higher percentage of nuclear lesions in H2O2 treatment (99.27 ± 0.19), and a substantial decrease in this percentage following modulatory therapy (5 mg/L; 32.25 ± 7.69). This suggests that the plant extract has chemopreventive activity at a crucial concentration (5 mg/L). Since the percentage of inhibition was higher than 40% (67.51 ± 8.68), the degree of antimutagenicity at this particular concentration (5 mg/L) was substantial. The findings showed that, at a specific dosage, the aqueous plant extract of A. spinosus can prevent oxidative damage brought on by the direct-acting mutagen (H2O2).