The Physiological Characteristics of Halophilic and Halotolerant Fungus, as well as Possible Uses for Them

Abstract

This Organisms that can survive in harsh environments are known as extremophiles. The halophilic and halotolerant bacteria are two of the many varieties of extremophiles that need various environments and growth conditions to flourish. According to reports, these bacteria thrive in high-salinity environments such as the sea, sediments, lakes, mines, plants, and soil. To attain the most livable conditions for their survival, they require a high concentration of salt and carbon. Osmotic and ionic stress, which are controlled by the genetic expression of enzymes, proteins, cell wall components, and transporters, are the mechanisms underlying these microorganisms' high salinity survival and tolerance. Because of their resilience, halophiles and halotolerant fungi have demonstrated great promise in a variety of fields, including genetics, bioremediation, nanoparticle creation, enzyme production, antibacterial and anticancer activity, and more. The current study set out to investigate the halophilic and halotolerant fungi, which have received the least attention in terms of their development requirements, habitats, and mechanisms for tolerance and resistance to salt. As a result of the emerging multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms, their biotechnological applications centered on the biomedical business will come next.