nfluence of Agro-Ecological factors and cultural practices on Heifer in-trust schemes in Njombe and Shinyanga Regions of Tanzania

Abstract

Dairy farming can be a panacea to addressing rural poverty. The Heifer In-trust Schemes (HIS) in Njombe
and Shinyanga regions aimed at reducing food and income insecurity. However, the influence of
seasonality, traditional livestock grazing systems, animal treatment and protection practices challenge the
schemes objectives. The study’s main objective was to assess the influence of agro-ecological factors and
cultural practices on HIS. Specifically, the study determined the influence of seasonality unavailability of
quality pasture, milk and income, and explored the implications of traditional livestock grazing systems,
treatment and protection. Study adopted a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 402 randomly
selected HIS households. Results show that during the wet season average daily milk production increased
by six litres per cow. Results also show that more milk is sold during the dry season as the demand is
higher while production is low. Results further show that traditional grazing systems and animal protection
practices led to low milk production and less income. The diverse agro-ecological factors and cultural
practices have influenced HIS in the study areas. HIS beneficiaries should establish pasture plots to
address negative agro-ecological influences, reduce free range-grazing methods and avoid adverse
traditional animal treatment and protection practices.v