Comparative Study of Butorphanol, Fentanyl, and Nalbuphine for Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Keywords:
Butorphanol, fentanyl, nalbuphine, TIVA,Abstract
Background: Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and opioids is widely used in
laparoscopic surgeries, but the choice of opioid significantly impacts analgesia, sedation, and
recovery. Agonist-antagonist opioids like butorphanol and nalbuphine may offer safer alternatives
to traditional agonists like fentanyl.
Aim: To compare the efficacy, safety, and recovery profiles of butorphanol, fentanyl, and
nalbuphine as adjuvants to propofol-based TIVA in patients undergoing laparoscopic
cholecystectomy.
