Prophylaxis and treatment of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

_{The aim of this study is to review literature on diabetes mellitus disease in the light of recent advances in
research made on the prevention and treatment of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Drinking a barley
extract–enriched beverage, physical exercise, and dietary intake of rich sources of calcium, increased
insulin secretion and reduced insulin resistance. Insulin analogs e.g insulin lispro, insulin glargine and
insulin aspart, improved the therapeutic properties of insulin, without an increase in hypoglycemic events.
Self activation of the islets of Langerhan stem cell and stem cell transplantation was effective in curing
diabetes. A compound labeled, CP-316819, binds at a regulatory inhibitor site pocket, of the less-active b
form of glycogen phosphorylase, so preventing its transformation to the more active a form of the enzyme,
and thus serving as a chemotherapy of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Cinnamon has blood
sugar-lowering properties, Grape seed extracts have a therapeutic role in decreasing cardiovascular risk in
type 2 diabetic human subjects. Metformin causes a reduction in cellular cAMP levels and decreased
protein kinase A (PKA) activation and target phosphorylation, thus suppressing glucose production by the
liver. The diet most often recommended for diabetic patients is high in soluble dietary fiber, low in
saturated fat, moderate in some essential fatty acids (EFAs), low in sugar, with low glycemic Index. A vegan
diet is effective in managing type 2 diabetes.}