The role of dietary phytase in formulation of least cost and less polluting fish feed for sustainable aquaculture development in Nigeria

Abstract

The production of fish meal in Nigeria from the wild sources has for some period now been dwindling and when
available are very expensive, because most of the fish meal used in fish feed formulation are imported. Hence viable
alternatives have to be found for the sustainability of the aquaculture industry in the country. Plant based protein
sources, which are relatively cheap, readily available and easily accessible hold the solution to this, but with
limitations in utilization, due to the presence of phytic acid, an anti-nutritional agent present in virtually all plant
ingredients. Phytic acid reduces bioavailability and digestibility of nutrients like proteins, phosphorus and other
minerals, there by promoting accumulation of dissolved solids which ultimately leads to pollution. Hence, the need
to create awareness of the efficiency of phytase treated diets, for the survival of the industry in the nearest future is
imperative for the overall success of aquaculture venture. The role of dietary phytase in the formulation of fish feed
using plant based protein sources which is cost effective, and reduces the incidence of aquatic pollution by making
the nutrients and minerals in the feed more available to fish are thoroughly discussed in this paper.