Integrated Aquaculture and Vermiculture Systems: A Sustainable Model for Circular Bio-Economy

Abstract

The increasing demand for food production, coupled with environmental degradation and resource scarcity, necessitates the adoption of sustainable and integrated production systems. Integrated Aquaculture and Vermiculture Systems (IAVS) represent an innovative and eco-friendly approach that promotes efficient resource utilization through waste recycling and nutrient recovery. In this system, organic wastes generated from aquaculture operations, such as uneaten feed and fish excreta, are utilized as substrates for vermiculture, while vermicompost and earthworm biomass serve as valuable inputs for aquaculture and agriculture. This integration supports the principles of circular bio-economy by minimizing waste, reducing environmental pollution, and enhancing productivity. The present article reviews the concept, design, functioning, and benefits of integrated aquaculture–vermiculture systems. Comparative data on fish growth performance, waste reduction efficiency, nutrient recycling, and economic returns are analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this integrated approach. The findings indicate that integrated systems significantly improve resource efficiency, environmental sustainability, and farm profitability, making them a promising model for sustainable food production and circular bio-economy development.